Internal-combustion engine.



C. ENGEL.

INTERNAL COIVIBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED MAY I4. 1917. LSQJ-Lw. Patented Apr. 29,1919.

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/VVENTOR C. ENGEL.

INTERNAL GONBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY I4. 19H.

Latem@ Apr. 29,1919'.

3 SHEETS-SHEET Z` l www3,

C. ENGEL.

iNTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED r11/w14, 1911.

Patented Apr. 29, 1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

/NVENTR 5 is a: sectional STARS PATENT CAREN'GEL, 0F SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, ASSGNOR 0F ONE-H'JLF T0 EFC EUHNSGN,

0F SEATTLE, WASHNGTON.

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.application filed may 1&1-, 1917. Serial Iii'o. M3363.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it knownthat li, CARL ENGEL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Seattle, in

the county of King and State of Washington, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the followingis aspecication.

rlhis invention relates to internal combustion engines, and particularly to what are known as two-cycle engines, although it may be applied to any'engine wherein it will be serviceable.

The object oi the invention is the perfecting of engines of this type.

The invention consists, principally, first in the provision of improved meansl for supplying the fuelA oil to the engine cylinders; second, to means for interrupting the operation ofthe fuel-feeding devices to enable the engine to be reversed; third, in pneumatic means to edect starting and reversal' of the engine; and fourth, in devices for stopping the supply of fuel to the cylinders when the engine is racing or running at an abnormally high speed.

designates an engine cylinder which is bored to a'ord an explosion chamber 13 in which is a piston 14 operatively connected to the crank-pin 15 of a crank-shaft 16 by means of a connecting rod 17. Said cylinder is secured to or formed integral with a crankcasing 18 containing the compression chamber 181 which is supplied with air from the external atmosphere through ports 19 for which are provided check or non-return valves 191, said valves opening to admit air when the pressure within the' case is less vtiti than that ot the atmosphere 'and closing.

when the internal pressure'is superior.

Supplemental to said valved ports is provided an air-induction pipe 20 communicating with the cylinder bore through a port 201 which is located at an elevation to be uncovered by the piston 111 when at or near the upper end of its stroke.

The connection for the transfer of compressed air4 from the compression chamber .181 is obtained through a passage 21 having a port 211 located to aord communication into the explosion chamber 13 and above the piston when the latter is at or near the The invention further consists in the novel l construction, adaptation and combination ot parts, as will be herelnafterpdescribed and claimed.

1n the 'accompanying drawinga/-Figure' 1 isa transverse vertical section of an internal combustion engine of the two-cycle type to illustrate the application of the present invention.l Fig. 2 is a detail sectional view to an enlarged scale of the fuel-oil injector--V shown applied in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a View partly in side elevation and partly in Section of the fuel-oil supply devices and the governor-controlled shut-od' mechanism therefor. Fig. 4 is a fragmentary plan viewoii certain parts shown in Fig. 3. Fig. view taken substantially through 5-5 of Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a fragfmentary plan view 0f Fig. 5. Fig. 7 isa transverse vertical section taken through 7-7 of Fig; 3 and including` parts of the reversing 'apparatus which, `for clearness,

titi

were omltted from Fig. 3. Fig. 8 is a longitudinal vertical diagrammatic View illustrating a three-cylinder engine with my improved reversing apparatus applied thereto. Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic end view of elements shown in Fig. 8.

Referring new to Fig. 1, the numeral 12 end of its down-stroke. At the, diametrically opposite side oit the cylinder from the compressed-air. inlet port 21 is an exhaust port 22. l

Protruding upwardly from the piston 14 isa badle-wall 1111 whose oiice is to deiiect4 the air entering throughv port 211 so that it will be directed upwardly in the explosion chamber to expel the products of combustion through port 22. 'llhis port communicates through a passage 221 with an exhaust manifold 222` connected with a silencer indicated by 23 which, in turn, communicates with the exhaust stack 24C.

lin the illustrated embodiment, the fuel oil is injected into the explosion chamber 13 through the cylinder opening 27 and against the 'battle-Wall 141, to thereby be dedected and spread over the hot walls of the' cylinder chamber Afor vaporization. When this occurs, air is supplied under pressure through pipe 21 and enters the explosion chamber to combine with the oil vapor to adord an explosive mixture which., toward the end of a compression stroke of the piston, ignites by contact with the hot walls of the chamber and piston.

'llo aord heat to ignite the explosive mixtures before such walls are heated, 1 pro- -ico vide in the cylinder head l22 a hollow globe said explosion chamber for admission ci explosive gases into said globe to contact with the wall thereof which is preheated by means of burner 30 supplied with kerosene or other rich combustible oil through a pipe 301.

he `llame from said burner is directed against the outside of the globe 121 by means oit a funnel-shaped conduit 302.

The preferred form of injectoi` for introducing a spray of fuel oil through the cylinder opening 27 is, as shown in F ig. 2, comprised of a tubular body 3l inserted in said opening and having an axial bore 3l2 and a valve seat 313 at its inner end.

32 represents a tip piece secured to the inner lend of said body and having a cylindrical bore 321` which terminates in a relatively small orifice 322. The injector body, furthermore, is provided with an inlet 3li making communication between the bore 312 and an oil supply pipe 35. An air outlet from such bore is obtained through passage 315 and an air coclr 36.

Provided within the bore 321 .of said cap is a cylindrical valve 37 having a face 371 adapted to make a tight lit against the aforesaid valve seaty 311, and is provided in its periphery with a helical groove 372. Said valve is connected b a stem 373 with a foraminated piston 3% operable within the bore 312.

38denotes a spring interposed between said piston and a shoulder 331 of the body' bore, and tends to yieldingly retain the valve 37 against the seat 313. W hen .oil is forced under suiiicient pressure against the piston 374 to overcome the power of spring 33, the valve is opened and oil is caused to How with considerable velocity through the toraminations of the piston and thence is caused by the valve groove 372 to take a spiral course and be eventually delivered through thel orifice 322 as a spray into the explosion chamber.

The aforedescribed elements, with the exception of the silencer, are provided for each ci the engine units-that is to say, a cylinder and its associated parts.

ln carrying out the invention, l provide apparatus whereby the fuel oil is supplied to the explosion chambers of an engine having a plurality ot cylinders and also apparatus which is utilized to urnish compressed air to various cylinders l'or the purpose of employing the air as a power agent to start and reverse the engine.

The above-mentioned oil supply apparatus comprises a plurality of pumps each having a barrel 40 which is connected by a suction pipe 41, Fig. 5, with an oil supply tank, (not shown), and b means of a delivery pipe 35 with the injector ci the respectivo cylinder. For each of said pump barrels is neonata provided a plunger 42 and check valves, indicated by 43 and 431, 'for the respective pump inlet and delivery ports.

A plunger is yieldingly held at its outermost position by means of a spring 44 interposed bet-ween a collar 421 of the plunger and a stuiling-box gland 401 itor the barrel of the respective pump.

45 represent levers ulcrumed by a pin 46 supported by posts 47 rovided on a carriage 471 which is adjustahly movable transversely of the engine upon a bracket 43 provided on the engine frame. rlhe adjustments of said carriage are attained by any suitable means, as, `for example, through the medium of a screw 49 rotatable in a boss 50 of the 'frame by means of a hand-wheel 491 to actuate a nut 5l which is operatively connected by means of a bell-crank lever 52 and a linlr 521 with a lug 47 2 provided on said carriage.

The pump plungers extend through guide apertures provided in the posts 4 7 so as to be engageable by thrust members 53 pivotally connected to arms 54 extending upwardly' from hubs 541 mounted upon a shaft 55; said hubs are also provided with laterally extending arms 542 and constitute, with the arms 54, a series of bell-crank levers, one for each pump. The lever arms 542 are connected by links 56 with arms 5? ot floating levers whose other arms 571 are each connected by a pin 58 with the rod 59 of an eccentric 591 for the respective pump and provided on the engine shaft 16.

The floating levers 57-*571 for the connections of all of the pumps are `lulcrumed upon a stub shaft or pin 60 provided on the arm 6l of a reversing lever 62 which is iulcrumed upon a stud 63 projecting from the engine trame.

The thrust members 53 are each provided with a depending foot 531 (Fig. 5), which tracks upon a ledge 431 provided on bracket 48. To render said members inoperable, as

when manually operating the pumps through the instrumentality of the levers 45, the several members may be conveniently tilted into ino erable positions, such as indicated by broken line 53?1 in Fig. 5,. through the medium ci fingers 531.

included in the invention are devices whereby the aforesaid pumps are rendered inoperable to supply the fuel oil to the engine with a consequent stoppage of the latter when the speed of the engine is accelerated beyond a predetermined amount- For this purpose, l provide a governor rotatably connectediwith the engine shaft i6 and desil-ably mounted on thehub 641 of a 'Hywheel 64. The governor comprises a plurality of levers each having arms 65 and 651 of unequal lengths, (Fig. 3), and iulcrumed to a pin 66 of a spider 661 which is slidably mounted on an end of the wheel hub. The longer arm 65 of a lever has at its extremity lll) it is operatively connected to the l secured to the engine fram.

'u-isite inertia spring 67, which acts through the medium` of said spider to yieldingly retain the revided a notch 653 Lacasse a relatively heavy body 652 which is caused by centrifugal force to be thrown outwardly, radially of the shaft, when the speed of the latter is suiiicient to aord the reqto overcome the power of a spective lever'in the position in whichit is represented by full lines in Fig. 3, by rea,

son of the lever arm 6'51 being held against a roller 68 supported by an arm 681 of the wheel hub.

As shown, a spring 67 is mounted upon a rod 69 between the head 691 thereof and the hub arm 681, said rod, as shown, extending through an aperture of the latter and being secured to the spider 661.

.In the extremity of a lever arm 651 is prowhereinto the respective roller 68 is lodged when a lever is brought into the position in which it is indicated by broken lines 651. a part of a collar 662 disposed concentrically 0f `the shaft and having a peripheral groove 663 for lreception of a ring 70. A

At its diametrically opposite sides, the ring 70- is provided with studs 701 by which branches of a bifurcated arm 71 of a lever which is fulcrumed to a stand 72 (Fig. 5). The other arm 711 of this lever is connected by a link 73 with a lever arm 74 depending from a transversely disposed rocker shaft 741 journaled in bearings 75. Another arm 742 extending laterally from shaft 741 is connected by a link 76 with the arm 77 of a lever which is fulcrumedto a lpin 78 xedly l The other arm 771 of the last-named lever is provided with an Iapertured boss 7 7 2 (Fig. 6) in which is socketed an end of shaft 55 upon which are mounted the aforesaid bellcrank levers 54;-542 for actuating the thrust members 53 of the various pumps.

In foperation, the eccentrics 591 imp-art vibratory movements through the medium of eccentric rods 59, levers 57-571, links 56 and bell-crank levers 54-542 to the thrust members 53, whereby the poweror fluidejecting strokes` of the pump plungers are effected.

During such strokes, the springs 44 are .compressed and in the outward movements of said members the springs assert their power to eect the suction strokes 'of the plungers. By manipulating the screw 49, the carriage l18 may be moved toward or from the pump barrels with la consequent shifting of the posts47 which serve as stops for the collars 421 to vary the length of the suction strokes of the respective plungers and accordingly regulate the charges of oil delivered to the engine cylinders.

The hand levers 45 are employed to primarily charge, through the pipes 35, the re- The spider 661 constitutes' Flg.

' and thereafter the engine will be driven by the explosion of such charges. When this occurs, the thrust members 53 are rendered operable to reciprocate the plungers through the medium of connecting mechanism from the eccentrics 591 for causing the oil to be fed thereby to the cylinders.

In Figs. 8 and 9 ll show somewhat diagrammatically, an'4 engine having three cylinders 121,` 122, 123 which are respectively connected by pipes 28 with upright valve casings801, 802, 803 which, in turn, are each connected by pipe'such as 811 (Fig. 7) with a reservoir 8'12 of air und-er a4 relatively high pressure. Within said casings are valves 82 arranged to be reciprocated by operating mechanism for closing or opening the respective ports 281 to regulate the How of compressed air a port 81 anda communicating.

from said reservoir to the various cylinders to thereby run the engine.

(Fig. l), and a valve as indicated by 85 in 'Y 7 may be employed to shut od the air delivery from the reservoir 812.

As shown 'in Fig. 7, a valve 82 is provided with a stem 83 whichl is yieldingly held by means of a spring 831 against a valve lifter 84 having at' its lower end a shoe 841 which is normally supported upon flat face 861 of a block 86 mounted for rocking movements on a shaft 87. The valve lifting block 86 is formed or provided with a depending lug 862 between the tappet the upper end of rod 59. y

When the engine is operated by power derived from the fuel oil supplied by the aforedescribed pumps, the levers S7-e571, through which motion is imparted from the eccentric rods 59 to operate the pump plungers, will occupy the positions substantially as shown in Figs. 5 and 7. Under suchcond-itions and with the eccentric rods pivotally connected to the respective pins 58, the tappet elements 88 on the upper ends of the rods will not encounter the block l 862.

When the levers 57-571 are swung through the agency of the levers 62-61 to one side or the other, the eccentric rods are correspondingly swung to present one or the other of each pair of tappet elements into positions to be actuated by the oscillatory movements of the eccentrics to tilt the valve blocks as indicated, for example, by 861 in extending into the space elements 88'provided on the l respective eccentric Fig.` 9, thereby successively raising the valves in proper sequence to admit compressed air to the engine cylinders for effecting the starting of the engine to drive .the engine shaft in a selected rotary directlon, or for reversing the engine.

When the levers 57--571 are swung about the axis of the fulcrum pin 63, the bellcrank levers 541-542 are caused to be swung into positions in which movements derived from the eccentrics will be insufficient to iniuence the thrust members to actuate the plungers.

After the engine has been started or reversed, the lever 62-61 is manipulated to restore the levers 57 -57 1 in their illustrated positions whereat the eccentric rods are rought into inoperative relations with the air-controllingvalves and render the eccentrics capable Aof imparting motion to the thrust members for operating the oil sup ply pumps. A

The construction-and operation of the invention will be understood from the foreond-named conduits,eccentrics mounted on the engine shaft, and adjustable means actuated by said eccentrics whereby either the first or second-named conduits may be used selectively to the exclusion of the others.

2. In combination, an internal combustion engine, means for supplying combustible fuel to the engine, manually adjustable 'means to regulate the aforesaid means for governing the supply of the fuel devices regulated automatically from the engine shaft whereby the rst named means are rendered inoperable when the engine exceeds `a predetermined speed, pneumatic means rendered operable by the engine for reversing the latter, and manually adjustable means whereby the first-named means are rendered inoperable when said pneumatic means are employed.

3. In an engine, a fuel-oil supply system, a compressed air supply system, conduits for each of said systems leading to the eX- plosion chamber of each of the engine cylinders, valves for the respective conduits, eccentrics on the engine shaft, means operated by said eccentri'cs for controlling the valves of the air supply system, means operated bythe engine shaft for forcing oil through the conduits therefor, and devices including a manually adjustable floating lever whereby the last named means and the air supply system, respectively, are rendered inoperative` and operative for the purpose of reversing the engine.

4. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a power system comprising pipes leading to the engine cylinders, force pumps for feeding combustible oil through said ipes, eccentrics mounted on the engine shaft, eccentric rods therefor, and operative connections between said rods and the pump plungers for actuating the latter, of a supplementary power system comprising acompressed air reservoir, conduits leading therefrom to the engine cylinders, a spring-closing valve for each of said conduits,l operative connections between said 'rods and said valves for opening the same,

and means for controlling said rods whereby they may be caused to effect selectively the operation of either the pump plungers' or said valves whereby power is applied to operate the engine through the medium of either of the aforesaid power systems.

Signed at Seattle, Wash., this 2nd day of May, 1917.

CARL ENGEL Witnesses:

PIERRE BARNES, E. PETERSON. 

